Transaction Fees

The transaction fee for the current Klaytn virtual machine (KLVM) is calculated as follows:
(Transaction Fee) := (Gas Used) * (Base Fee)
The Gas Used is computed by KLVM based on the gas cost of the opcode and the intrinsic gas cost.
Base Fee is the actual gas price used for the transaction. It has the same meaning as the Effective Gas Price.
This calculated transaction fee is subtracted from the sender's or fee payer's account balance, depending on the transaction.
Gas and Base Fee Overview
Gas
Every action that changes the state of the blockchain requires gas. When a node processes a user's transaction, such as sending KLAY, using KIP-7 tokens, or executing a contract, the user has to pay for the computation and storage usage. The payment amount is decided by the amount of gas required.
Gas is a measuring unit representing how much calculation is needed to process the user's transaction.
Dynamic Gas Fee Mechanism
Since the Klaytn v1.9.0 hard fork, a dynamic gas fee mechanism has replaced the existing fixed fee policy. Dynamic gas fee policy provides a stable service to users by preventing network abuse and storage overuse. The gas fee changes according to the network situation. Seven parameters affect the base fee(gas fee):
1.PREVIOUS_BASE_FEE: Base fee of the previous block
2.GAS_USED_FOR_THE_PREVIOUS_BLOCK: Gas used to process all transactions of the previous block
3.GAS_TARGET: The gas amount that determines the increase or decrease of the base fee (30 million at the moment)
4.MAX_BLOCK_GAS_USED_FOR_BASE_FEE: Implicit block gas limit to enforce the max basefee change rate (60 million at the moment)
5.BASE_FEE_DELTA_REDUCING_DENOMINATOR: The value to set the maximum base fee change to 5% per block (20 at the moment, can be changed later by governance)
6.UPPER_BOUND_BASE_FEE: The maximum value for the base fee (750 ston at the moment, can be changed later by governance)
7.LOWER_BOUND_BASE_FEE: The minimum value for the base fee (25 ston at the moment, can be changed later by governance)
Base Fee
The basic idea of this algorithm is that the base fee would go up if the gas used exceeds the base gas and vice versa. It is closely related to the number of transactions in the network and the gas used in the process. There is an upper and lower limit for the base fee to prevent the fee from increasing or decreasing indefinitely. There is also a cap for the gas and an adjustment value for the fluctuation to prevent abrupt changes in the base fee. The values can be changed by governance.
(BASE_FEE_CHANGE_RATE) = (GAS_USED_FOR_THE_PREVIOUS_BLOCK - GAS_TARGET)
(ADJUSTED_BASE_FEE_CHANGE_RATE) = (BASE_FEE_CHANGE_RATE) / (GAS_TARGET) / (BASE_FEE_DELTA_REDUCING_DENOMINATOR)
(BASE_FEE_CHANGE_RANGE) = (PREVIOUS_BASE_FEE) * (ADJUSTED_BASE_FEE_CHANGE_RATE)
(BASE_FEE) = (PREVIOUS_BASE_FEE) + (BASE_FEE_CHANGE_RANGE) 
The base fee is calculated for every block; there could be changes every second. Transactions from a single block use the same base fee to calculate transaction fees. Only transactions with a gas price higher than the block base fee can be included in the block. Half of the transaction fee for each block is burned (BURN_RATIO = 0.5, cannot be changed by governance).
NOTE: An important feature that sets Klaytn apart from Ethereum's EIP-1559 is that it does not have tips. Klaytn follows the First Come, First Served(FCFS) principle for its transactions.
Transaction Replacement
Klaytn currently does not provide a way to replace a transaction using the unit price but may support different methods for the transaction replacement in the future. Note that in Ethereum, a transaction with a given nonce can be replaced by a new one with a higher gas price.
Klaytn's Gas table
Basically, Klaytn is keeping compatibility with Ethereum. So Klaytn's gas table is pretty similar with that of Ethereum. But there are some features unique to Klaytn that require several new constants.
NOTE: The gas table has changed with the IstanbulEVM protocol upgrade, or the "hard fork". If you want the previous document, please refer to previous document.
IstanbulEVM protocol upgrade block number is as follows.
Baobab Testnet: #75373312
Cypress Mainnet: #86816005
Common Fee
Item
Gas
Description
G_zero
0
Nothing paid for operations of the set Wzero
G_base
2
Amount of gas to pay for operations of the set Wbase
G_verylow
3
Amount of gas to pay for operations of the set Wverylow
G_low
5
Amount of gas to pay for operations of the set Wlow
G_mid
8
Amount of gas to pay for operations of the set Wmid
G_high
10
Amount of gas to pay for operations of the set Whigh
G_blockhash
20
Payment for BLOCKHASH operation
G_extcode
700
Amount of gas to pay for operations of the set Wextcode
G_balance
700
Amount of gas to pay for a BALANCE operation
G_sload
800
Paid for a SLOAD operation
G_jumpdest
1
Paid for a JUMPDEST operation
G_sset
20000
Paid for an SSTORE operation when the storage value is set to non-zero from zero
G_sreset
5000
Paid for an SSTORE operation when the storage value’s zeroness remains unchanged or is set to zero
G_sclear
15000
Refund given (added into refund counter) when the storage value is set to zero from non-zero
R_selfdestruct
24000
Refund given (added into refund counter) for self-destructing an account
G_selfdestruct
5000
Amount of gas to pay for a SELFDESTRUCT operation
G_create
32000
Paid for a CREATE operation
G_codedeposit
200
Paid per byte for a CREATE operation to succeed in placing code into state
G_call
700
Paid for a CALL operation
G_callvalue
9000
Paid for a non-zero value transfer as part of the CALL operation
G_callstipend
2300
A stipend for the called contract subtracted from Gcallvalue for a non-zero value transfer
G_newaccount
25000
Paid for a CALL or SELFDESTRUCT operation which creates an account
G_exp
10
Partial payment for an EXP operation
G_expbyte
50
Partial payment when multiplied by dlog256(exponent)e for the EXP operation
G_memory
3
Paid for every additional word when expanding memory
G_txcreate
32000
Paid by all contract-creating transactions
G_transaction
21000
Paid for every transaction
G_log
375
Partial payment for a LOG operation
G_logdata
8
Paid for each byte in a LOG operation’s data
G_logtopic
375
Paid for each topic of a LOG operation
G_sha3
30
Paid for each SHA3 operation
G_sha3word
6
Paid for each word (rounded up) for input data to a SHA3 operation
G_copy
3
Partial payment for *COPY operations, multiplied by words copied, rounded up
G_blockhash
20
Payment for BLOCKHASH operation
G_extcodehash
700
Paid for getting keccak256 hash of a contract's code
G_create2
32000
Paid for opcode CREATE2 which bahaves identically with CREATE but use different arguments
Precompiled Contracts
Precompiled contracts are special kind of contracts which usually perform complex cryptographic computations and are initiated by other contracts.
Item
Gas
Description
EcrecoverGas
3000
Perform ECRecover operation
Sha256BaseGas
60
Perform sha256 hash operation
Sha256PerWordGas
12
​
Ripemd160BaseGas
600
Perform Ripemd160 operation
Ripemd160PerWordGas
120
​
IdentityBaseGas
15
​
IdentityPerWordGas
3
​
ModExpQuadCoeffDiv
20
​
Bn256AddGas
150
Perform Bn256 elliptic curve operation
Bn256ScalarMulGas
6000
​
Bn256PairingBaseGas
45000
​
Bn256PairingPerPointGas
34000
​
VMLogBaseGas
100
Write logs to node's log file - Klaytn only
VMLogPerByteGas
20
Klaytn only
FeePayerGas
300
Get feePayer's address - Klaytn only
ValidateSenderGas
5000 per signature
Validate the sender's address and signature - Klaytn only
Total gas of those items which has XXXBaseGas and XXXPerWordGas (e.g. Sha256BaseGas, Sha256PerWordGas) are calculated as
TotalGas = XXXBaseGas + (number of words * XXXPerWordGas)
ValidateSenderGas have to be paid per signature basis.
TotalGas = number of signatures * ValidateSenderGas
Blake2f gas cost is calculated based on the below formula. input is the input of the blake2f call.
Gas = uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(input[0:4]))
Account-related Gas Table
Item
Gas
Description
TxAccountCreationGasPerKey
20000
Gas required for a key-pair creation
TxValidationGasPerKey
15000
Gas required for a key validation
TxGasAccountUpdate
21000
Gas required for an account update
TxGasFeeDelegated
10000
Gas required for a fee delegation
TxGasFeeDelegatedWithRatio
15000
Gas required for a fee delegation with ratio
TxGasCancel
21000
Gas required to cancel a transaction which has a same nonce
TxGasValueTransfer
21000
Gas required to transfer KLAY
TxGasContractExecution
21000
Base gas for contract execution
TxDataGas
100
Gas required per transaction's single byte
Gas for payload data is calculated as below
GasPayload = number_of_bytes * TxDataGas
Gas Formula for Transaction Types
TxType
Gas
LegacyTransaction
TxGas + PayloadGas + KeyValidationGas
ValueTransfer
TxGasValueTransfer + KeyValidationGas
ValueTransferMemo
TxGasValueTransfer + PayloadGas + KeyValidationGas
AccountUpdate
TxGasAccountUpdate + KeyCreationGas + KeyValidationGas
SmartContractDeploy
TxGasContractCreation + PayloadGas + KeyValidationGas
SmartContractExecution
TxGasContractExecution + PayloadGas + KeyValidationGas
Cancel
TxGasCancel + KeyValidationGas
KeyValidationGas is defined as below based on the key type,
Key Type
Gas
Nil
N/A
Legacy
0
Fail
0
Public
0
MultiSig
(number of signatures - 1) * GasValidationPerKey (15000)
RoleBased
Based on keys in the role used in the validation
KeyCreationGas is defined as below based on the key type,
Key Type
Gas
Nil
N/A
Legacy
0
Fail
0
Public
GasCreationPerKey (20000)
MultiSig
(keys) * GasCreationPerKey
RoleBased
Gas fee calculated based on keys in each role. e.g., GasRoleTransaction = (keys) GasCreationPerKey GasRoleAccountUpdate = (keys) GasCreationPerKey GasRoleFeePayer = (keys) * GasCreationPerKey

Item	Gas	Description
G_zero	0	Nothing paid for operations of the set Wzero
G_base	2	Amount of gas to pay for operations of the set Wbase
G_verylow	3	Amount of gas to pay for operations of the set Wverylow
G_low	5	Amount of gas to pay for operations of the set Wlow
G_mid	8	Amount of gas to pay for operations of the set Wmid
G_high	10	Amount of gas to pay for operations of the set Whigh
G_blockhash	20	Payment for BLOCKHASH operation
G_extcode	700	Amount of gas to pay for operations of the set Wextcode
G_balance	700	Amount of gas to pay for a BALANCE operation
G_sload	800	Paid for a SLOAD operation
G_jumpdest	1	Paid for a JUMPDEST operation
G_sset	20000	Paid for an SSTORE operation when the storage value is set to non-zero from zero
G_sreset	5000	Paid for an SSTORE operation when the storage value’s zeroness remains unchanged or is set to zero
G_sclear	15000	Refund given (added into refund counter) when the storage value is set to zero from non-zero
R_selfdestruct	24000	Refund given (added into refund counter) for self-destructing an account
G_selfdestruct	5000	Amount of gas to pay for a SELFDESTRUCT operation
G_create	32000	Paid for a CREATE operation
G_codedeposit	200	Paid per byte for a CREATE operation to succeed in placing code into state
G_call	700	Paid for a CALL operation
G_callvalue	9000	Paid for a non-zero value transfer as part of the CALL operation
G_callstipend	2300	A stipend for the called contract subtracted from Gcallvalue for a non-zero value transfer
G_newaccount	25000	Paid for a CALL or SELFDESTRUCT operation which creates an account
G_exp	10	Partial payment for an EXP operation
G_expbyte	50	Partial payment when multiplied by dlog256(exponent)e for the EXP operation
G_memory	3	Paid for every additional word when expanding memory
G_txcreate	32000	Paid by all contract-creating transactions
G_transaction	21000	Paid for every transaction
G_log	375	Partial payment for a LOG operation
G_logdata	8	Paid for each byte in a LOG operation’s data
G_logtopic	375	Paid for each topic of a LOG operation
G_sha3	30	Paid for each SHA3 operation
G_sha3word	6	Paid for each word (rounded up) for input data to a SHA3 operation
G_copy	3	Partial payment for *COPY operations, multiplied by words copied, rounded up
G_blockhash	20	Payment for BLOCKHASH operation
G_extcodehash	700	Paid for getting keccak256 hash of a contract's code
G_create2	32000	Paid for opcode CREATE2 which bahaves identically with CREATE but use different arguments

Item	Gas	Description
EcrecoverGas	3000	Perform ECRecover operation
Sha256BaseGas	60	Perform sha256 hash operation
Sha256PerWordGas	12
Ripemd160BaseGas	600	Perform Ripemd160 operation
Ripemd160PerWordGas	120
IdentityBaseGas	15
IdentityPerWordGas	3
ModExpQuadCoeffDiv	20
Bn256AddGas	150	Perform Bn256 elliptic curve operation
Bn256ScalarMulGas	6000
Bn256PairingBaseGas	45000
Bn256PairingPerPointGas	34000
VMLogBaseGas	100	Write logs to node's log file - Klaytn only
VMLogPerByteGas	20	Klaytn only
FeePayerGas	300	Get feePayer's address - Klaytn only
ValidateSenderGas	5000 per signature	Validate the sender's address and signature - Klaytn only

Item	Gas	Description
TxAccountCreationGasPerKey	20000	Gas required for a key-pair creation
TxValidationGasPerKey	15000	Gas required for a key validation
TxGasAccountUpdate	21000	Gas required for an account update
TxGasFeeDelegated	10000	Gas required for a fee delegation
TxGasFeeDelegatedWithRatio	15000	Gas required for a fee delegation with ratio
TxGasCancel	21000	Gas required to cancel a transaction which has a same nonce
TxGasValueTransfer	21000	Gas required to transfer KLAY
TxGasContractExecution	21000	Base gas for contract execution
TxDataGas	100	Gas required per transaction's single byte

TxType	Gas
LegacyTransaction	TxGas + PayloadGas + KeyValidationGas
ValueTransfer	TxGasValueTransfer + KeyValidationGas
ValueTransferMemo	TxGasValueTransfer + PayloadGas + KeyValidationGas
AccountUpdate	TxGasAccountUpdate + KeyCreationGas + KeyValidationGas
SmartContractDeploy	TxGasContractCreation + PayloadGas + KeyValidationGas
SmartContractExecution	TxGasContractExecution + PayloadGas + KeyValidationGas
Cancel	TxGasCancel + KeyValidationGas

Key Type	Gas
Nil	N/A
Legacy	0
Fail	0
Public	0
MultiSig	(number of signatures - 1) * GasValidationPerKey (15000)
RoleBased	Based on keys in the role used in the validation

Key Type	Gas
Nil	N/A
Legacy	0
Fail	0
Public	GasCreationPerKey (20000)
MultiSig	(keys) * GasCreationPerKey
RoleBased	Gas fee calculated based on keys in each role. e.g., GasRoleTransaction = (keys) GasCreationPerKey GasRoleAccountUpdate = (keys) GasCreationPerKey GasRoleFeePayer = (keys) * GasCreationPerKey

Storage

Transaction Fees (Previous docs)

Last modified 2mo ago