Opcode cost is directly related to the amount of resources that the platform can use. The Ethereum state write cost is high since the storage, and the network bandwidth required to record and propagate the changed states are limited. Conversely, if a blockchain has abundant resources (e.g., CPU time, storage, network bandwidth), then the unit cost per opcode can be substantially lower than that of Ethereum, and the cost difference between opcodes can be minimized. Klaytn aims to lower opcode unit cost by vertically scaling each CN node (i.e., acquiring high-end hardware), parallelizing computation (i.e., logical scaling via service chain), and horizontally scaling physical clusters.